EARMARK Ontology

IRI:
http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark
Date:
24/02/2011
Current version:
1.8.1
Authors:
Silvio Peroni
Contributors:
Angelo Di Iorio
Fabio Vitali
Imported Ontologies:
http://www.essepuntato.it/2010/05/ghost (visualise it with LODE)
Other visualisation:
Ontology source
Machester Ontology Browser

This ontology is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

Abstract

Extremely Annotational RDF Markup (EARMARK) is a meta-syntax for non-embedded markup that can be used for stand-off annotations of textual content with fully W3C-compliant technologies.

This document represents the EARMARK ontology definition of the shell classes i.e., all those classes that must be used to define all the elements, attributes, comments, text nodes and hierarchies among them.

Table of Content

  1. Introduction
  2. Classes
  3. Object Properties
  4. Data Properties
  5. Annotation Properties
  6. General Axioms
  7. Namespace Declarations

Introduction

Extremely Annotational RDF Markup is a meta-syntax for non-embedded markup that can be used for stand-off annotations of textual content with fully W3C-compliant technologies. EARMARK is based on an ontologically precise definition of markup that instantiates the markup of a text document as an independent OWL document outside of the text strings it annotates, and through appropriate OWL and SWRL characterizations it can define structures such as trees or graphs and can be used to generate validity constraints (including co-constraints currently unavailable in most validation languages).

Classes

(collections) Bagc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/Bag

Bag - Collection that can have a number of copies of each object

has super-classes
has sub-classes
(collections) Listc
is in domain of
collections:itemop
is disjoint with

(collections) Collectionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/Collection

Collection - A group of objects that can be considered as a whole.

has super-classes
  • owl:Thingc
has sub-classes
(collections) Bagc, (collections) Setc
is in domain of
collections:elementop, collections:sizedp
is disjoint with

(collections) Itemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/Item

Item - Element belonging to a Bag

has super-classes
  • owl:Thingc
has sub-classes
(collections) ListItemc
is in domain of
collections:itemContentop
is in range of
collections:itemop

(collections) Listc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/List

List - An ordered array of items, that can be present in multiple copies

has super-classes
is in domain of
collections:firstItemop, collections:lastItemop

(collections) ListItemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/ListItem

ListItem - Element belonging to a list

has super-classes
is in domain of
collections:followedByop, collections:preceededByop
is in range of
collections:firstItemop, collections:followedByop, collections:lastItemop, collections:preceededByop

(collections) Setc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/Set

Set - A collection that cannot contain duplicate elements.

has super-classes

attributec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#Attribute

A markup item identifying an attribute, as the item 'src' in the following XML excerpt:

<img src="http://palindrom.es/phd/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/EARMARKLogo.png" />

has super-classes

commentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#Comment

A markup item identifying a comment, as the item containing the string 'This is a comment' in the following XML excerpt:

<!-- This is a comment -->

has super-classes

docuversec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#Docuverse

A container of strings that may appear in the document.

is equivalent to
has sub-classes
URI docuversec, string docuversec
is in domain of
has contentdp
is in range of
refers toop

elementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#Element

A markup item identifying an element, as the item 'img' in the following XML excerpt:

<img src="http://palindrom.es/phd/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/EARMARKLogo.png" />

has super-classes

markup itemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#MarkupItem

An artifact to be interpreted as markup (such as elements, attributes and comments), defined as a collection – ordered (List, Bag) or not (Set) – of other markup items and ranges.

has super-classes
has sub-classes
attributec, commentc, elementc
is in domain of
has general identifierdp, has namespacedp

pointer rangec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#PointerRange

A range that refers to any text lying between two non-negative integer locations that identify precise positions withing a docuverse.

Each location of this kind of range refers to a point before or after a particular character. For instance, taking into consideration the string 'This is an example' contained by a docuverse, the location '0' is immediately before the first character 'T', location '1' is immediately after the character 'T' and before the character 'h', the location '2' is after the character 'h' and before 'i', and so on.

Note that these ranges allow to define (considering the string 'a devil' as content of a docuverse as example):

- document-order ranges, i.e., those ranges that has the begin location lesser than the end location (e.g., begin = 2, end = 7, content result 'devil');

- reverse-order ranges, i.e., those ranges that has the begin location greater than the end location (e.g., begin = 7, end = 2, content result 'lived').

has super-classes
has keys
is disjoint with

rangec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#Range

An entity referring to any text of a docuverse lying between two locations.

is equivalent to
has sub-classes
pointer rangec, xpath rangec
is in domain of
begins atdp, ends atdp, refers toop

string docuversec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#StringDocuverse

A docuverse that specifies all its content in form of a string, such as 'This is the string the docuverse represents.'.

has super-classes
is disjoint with

URI docuversec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#URIDocuverse

A container of strings that may appear in the document, such as the URL 'http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/docuverse.txt' that contains the string 'This is the string the docuverse represents.'

has super-classes

xpath pointer rangec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#XPathPointerRange

A range that refers to any text, obtained from a particular xpath context starting from a docuverse content, lying between two non-negative integere locations that identify precise positions.

This kind of range allows to define specific positions, as explained for the class 'PointerRange', within the concatenation of strings obtained by applying the xpath context to the docuverse the range refers to, as introduce in the class 'XPathRange'.

For instance, considering the following docuverse content:

<root><p>No devil </p><p>lived on</p></root>

the range defined on that docuverse as xpath_context = '//p', begin = '0', end = '17' refers to the text 'No devil lived on'.

NB: if we define a standard pointer range on the same docuverse using the same begin and end locations of the previous one, what we obtain as text will be '<root><p>No devil'.

has super-classes

xpath rangec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#XPathRange

A range that refers to any text, obtained from a particular xpath context starting from the docuverse content, lying between two locations that identify precise positions.

The semantics of this kind of range is the following:

1. assuming the content of the docuverse the range refers to as well-formed XML, we consider the sequence composed by the nodes obtained by running the xpath context (= a query) on the docuverse. If some non-nodes (e.g., strings, integers, etc.) is returned, it must be excluded from the sequence;

2. for each node in the sequence, we consider its 'value-of', i.e., the strings contained in all the text nodes reachable starting from the node itself;

3. considering the concatenation of all the strings obtained in the previous point, we now calculate the begin and end locations of the range.

is equivalent to
has super-classes
has sub-classes
xpath pointer rangec
is in domain of
has xpath contextdp
has keys

Object Properties

collections:elementop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/element

element - The link to the members of a Set

has sub-properties
collections:itemop
has domain

collections:firstItemop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/firstItem

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
has domain
has range

collections:followedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/followedBy

followedBy - The link to the first item of the list

has characteristics: transitive

has sub-properties
collections:nextItemop
has domain
has range

collections:itemop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/item

item - The link to every item of the Bag

has super-properties
has sub-properties
collections:firstItemop, collections:lastItemop
has domain
has range

collections:itemContentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/itemContent

itemContent - The link to the actual resource to which the item refers.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
has range

collections:lastItemop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/lastItem

lastItem - The link to the first item of the list

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
has domain
has range

collections:nextItemop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/nextItem

nextItem - The link to the next item in a list (ordered collection)

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties

collections:preceededByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/preceededBy

preceededBy - The link to the previous item in a list (ordered collection)

has characteristics: transitive

has sub-properties
collections:previousItemop
has domain
has range

collections:previousItemop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/previousItem

previousItem - The link to the previous item in a list (ordered collection)

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
is inverse of

refers toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#refersTo

Used to indicate the docuverse a range refers to.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
has range

Data Properties

begins atdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#begins

It defines the starting location of a range within the docuverse it refers to.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
has range
  • rdfs:Literal

collections:sizedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/size

size - The number of item belonging to a collection

has domain
has range
  • xsd:int

ends atdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#ends

It defines the ending location of a range within the docuverse it refers to.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
has range
  • rdfs:Literal

has contentdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#hasContent

Used to specify a content for a particular docuverse.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
has range
  • rdfs:Literal

has general identifierdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#hasGeneralIdentifier

It specifies the common name, called general identifier, of a markup item.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
has range
  • xsd:string

has namespacedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#hasNamespace

It specifies the namespace of a markup item.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
has range
  • xsd:anyURI

has xpath contextdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#hasXPathContext

It defines a particular xpath context for the range.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
has range
  • xsd:string

Annotation Properties

dc:contributorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor

dc:creatorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator

dc:dateap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date

dc:descriptionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description

dc:formatap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format

dc:languageap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language

dc:publisherap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/publisher

dc:rightsap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights

dc:titleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title

owl:versionInfoap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo

rdfs:commentap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment

rdfs:labelap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label

General Axioms

All Disjoint Classes back to ToC

docuversec, markup itemc, rangec

All Disjoint Classes back to ToC

attributec, commentc, elementc

Namespace Declarations back to ToC

default namespace
http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#
collections
http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ontologies/1.2/collections/
dc
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
earmark
http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

This HTML document was obtained by processing the OWL ontology source code throughLODE, Live OWL Documentation Environment, developed bySilvio Peroni.