This ontology is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
The semantics of a scientific article (or, more generally, of a document) is investigable and definable at different perspectives. Each perspective is identifiable by a lens that can be applied to a document (for associating some semantic data to it) and then used to focalise the semantic assets previously associated. This ontology defines seven different lenses that cover different semantic perspectives at different granularities.
The inception of the semantic publishing – i.e., the inclusion in a digitally- published scientific article of anything that enhances its meaning and enables its linking to semantically related articles or, more generally, resources – is the current and consequential next-step of the digital publishing. The main reason of its success is the strategic and economic importance that the seman- tic publishing movement, and its network of semantically inter-linked resources, has for publishers: from reinforcing their public image of being always technologically up to date, to improving the quantity of readers from an article to its related webpage on the publisher website.
The semantic enhancement of a traditional scientific article is not a straightforward operation, even if we consider just the mere translation of the readable content in semantically precise statements. Still, there are more aspects involved, as the specification of the cred- ibility level of the paper, the structural components of the paper, the argumentative model used, and finally the actual statement employed. This ontology defines the semantical lenses, a model for the identification and the formal description of these different kinds of semantics.
IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2011/03/lens/AggregationLensApplication
How academic papers are grouped, e.g., in journals, and how references are grouped, e.g., in bibliographic collections, tables of content, reference lists, reference management systems and library catalogues.
IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2011/03/lens/ArgumentationLensApplication
The operation of associating semantics that concerns the arguments contained in a document.
The organization of the argument of the paper, that is organized as a fractal representation of the same rhetorical devices that can be found at higher level (the whole paper considered as the report of an argumentation), as well as at the lowest level (each statement being the result of individual sub-arguments and counterarguments potentially expanding to the infinite).
IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2011/03/lens/CitationLensApplication
The operation of associating semantics that concerns how a document cites and is cited by other ones.
How academic papers and datasets are linked, with the formation of semantically rich citation networks.
IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2011/03/lens/ContextLensApplication
The operation of associating semantics that concerns the context in which a document is set.
The environment in which a paper is placed, in terms of in- volvement of research organizations, research members, research fundings, research process, research publication workflow, etc.
IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2011/03/lens/LensApplication
The application of a semantic lens onto a particular document is the act of associating semantic data (of a specific semantic perspective) to the document itself.
IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2011/03/lens/RhetoricLensApplication
The operation of associating semantics that concerns the rhetoric meaning of the various parts of a document.
The parts of the paper that carry specific scientific or academic meaning for the paper, which as introductory and conclusive texts, back- ground, individual contributions, evaluations, method, etc. These parts may but do not necessarily correspond to a structural entity (e.g., a section) of the paper, and have usually no specific presentational characteristics.
IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2011/03/lens/SemanticsLensApplication
The operation of associating semantics that concerns the meaning of statements written (usually in natural language) in a document.
The actual individual findings of the paper having scientific value and being expressible in some kind of formal knowledge representation.
IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2011/03/lens/StructureLensApplication
The operation of associating semantics that concerns the structural composition of a document.
The organization of a scientific paper in sections, subsections, and its components such as paragraphs, tables, figures and formulas, the functional structures such as title, abstract, introduction, conclusion, refer- ences, acknowledgements.
IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description
aggregation lens applicationc, argumentation lens applicationc, citation lens applicationc, context lens applicationc, rethoric lens applicationc, semantics lens applicationc, structure lens applicationc
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The operation of associating semantics that concerns how a document is aggregated with other ones.